When it comes to British place names, Anglo-Saxon origins tend to dominate in the south and Scandinavian languages in the North, mixed in with Old British or Celtic terms for natural features such as hills and rivers. Derbyshire still shows the influence of all three factors in the names we find today.
Often towns and villages share common endings such as -tun (settlement), -ham (homestead), -feld (farmland), -by (village), -caester (Roman stronghold), -worthig (enclosure), -dun (hill), -halh (nook of land) – but these usually follow a first element which is much harder to define, especially when a personal name is concerned.
The famous Domesday Book – a land survey commissioned by William the Conqueror and completed in 1086 – shows Derbyshire names which have been modernised but otherwise changed very little in all that time.
To understand where they came from, we went looking in the Oxford Dictionary of British Place Names.

29. Pinxton
Recorded as Penkeston in 1208, possibly meaning: ‘farmstead of a man called *Penec’. Photo: Brian Eyre

30. Creswell
Exactly what it says on the tin: 'a spring or stream where water-cress grows’, Photo: Brian Eyre

31. Elmton
Helmetune in 1086, meaning: ‘Farmstead where elm-trees grow’. Photo: Rachel Atkins

32. Darley Dale
Dereleie in 1086, meaning : 'woodland clearing frequented by deer or wild animals’. Photo: Jason Chadwick

